Morfometría y biotipo de futbolistas varones categorías sub 15 y sub 16 pertenecientes a una escuela deportiva / Morphometry and biotype of male soccer players categories under 15 and under 16 from a sports school

RESUMEN: En las categorías deportivas juveniles, los parámetros morfológicos y biotipológicos son difíciles de determinar ya que es complejo separar los cambios propios de la formación deportiva, de los asociados al crecimiento y la maduración. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer características antropométricas y perfiles somatotípicos de adolescentes varones futbolistas chilenos de una escuela deportiva. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 23 jóvenes categoría sub 15 y 30 jóvenes sub 16. Se registraron el peso (kg), estatura (cm), seis pliegues cutáneos, dos diámetros y cinco perímetros. El índice de masa muscular (IMC) se calculó según fórmula de Quetelet. El fraccionamiento de la masa corporal se estimó según la masa grasa (MG), masa muscular (MM), masa residual (MR) y masa ósea (MO). Se describió el somatotipo utilizando el método de Heath & Carter. Los datos fueron analizados en estadístico para tendencia central, porcentajes y significancia según prueba t(p<0,05). Los resultados no muestran diferencias significativas en los patrones antropométricos y biotipológicos entre las dos categorías. Los promedios observados fueron: peso: 60,2 ± 7,6 (kg); Talla: 169,1 ± 5,3 (cm); IMC: 21,2 ± 2,0; % MG: 24,3 ± 2,7; %MM: 45,2 ± 2,9. Somatotipo para jóvenes sub 15 fue de: 2,4 ± 0,7/ 4,5 ± 0,8 / 3,0 ± 1,1 y para sub 16 de: 2,3 ± 1,0/ 4,3 ± 0,8 / 3,0 ± 0,9. Estos resultados son similares a los observados en otras escuelas deportivas de Chile y el mundo. Se concluye que altos porcentajes de masa musculary los componentes meso-ectomórficos, serían características morfológicas en este tipo de deportistas. Se sugiere considerar estos factores, además de considerar los factores sociales y psicológicos, la maduración corporal, centrando el quehacer de los adolescentes más en favorecer un estilo de vida sana y activa que en lo competitivo.

SUMMARY: In youth sports categories, morphological and biotypological parameters are difficult to determine since it is complex to separate the changes inherent to sports training from those associated with growth and maturation. The objective of this research was to establish anthropometric characteristics and somatotypic profiles of adolescent Chilean male soccer players from a sports training school. The sample consisted of 23 young people under 15 and 30 young people under 16. Weight (kg), height (cm), six skin folds, two diameters and five perimeters were recorded. The muscle mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the Quetelet formula. The fractionation of body mass was estimated according to fat mass (FM), muscle mass (MM), residual mass (RM), and bone mass (BM). The somatotype was described using the Heath & Carter method. The data were analyzed statistically for central tendency, percentages and significance according to the t test (p <0.05). The results show anthropometric and biotypological patterns without significant differences between the two categories. The averages observed werefor: weight: 60.2 ± 7.6 (kg); Size: 169.1 ± 5.3 (cm); BMI: 21.2 ± 2.0; % FM: 24.3 ± 2.7; % MM: 45.2 ± 2.9; % RM:12,0 ± 0.7; % BM: 12,9 ± 1,0. Somatotype for youth 15 years was: 2.4 ± 0.7 / 4.5 ± 0.8 / 3.0 ± 1.1 and for 16 years it was: 2.3 ± 1.0 / 4.3 ± 0, 8 / 3.0 ± 0.9. These results are similar to those observed in other sports schools in Chile and the world. It is concluded that high percentages of muscle mass and meso- ectomorphic components would be morphological characteristics in this type of athlete. It is suggested to consider these factors, in addition to considering social and psychological factors, body maturation, focusing the work of adolescents more on promoting a healthy and active lifestyle than on the competitive aspect.

Stages of change in the purchase of ultra-processed snacks among university students after the implementation of the chilean food law; a multi-center study

The Objective is to determine the stages of change in the behavior of university students regarding the purchase of ultra-processed snacks consumed. Multi-center study (14 Chilean universities). The participants (4,807 students)evaluated were applied a survey to determine the stage of change of behavior regarding the purchase of foods with warning signs. The students were evaluated and classified as (a) Nutrition Students, (b) Healthcare-related Students and (c) Other degree Students. More than 90% of the students were aware of the food regulation and knew the warning signs. More than 60% of Healthcare-related and Other degree students are in the stage of pre-contemplation or contemplation regarding purchase intent of sugary drinks, juices, cookies, sweet snacks and potato chips; this value is twice the percentage of Nutrition students in this stages ( Chi2, p<0.001). In conclusion there is a high proportion of pre-contemplation and contemplation with respect to purchase intent among the students(AU)

Determinar las etapas de cambio en el comportamiento de los estudiantes universitarios con respecto a la compra de colaciones ultraprocesadas. Estudio Multicéntrico (14 universidades chilenas). A los participantes (4.807 estudiantes) se les aplicó una encuesta para determinar el cambio en el comportamiento con respecto a la compra de alimentos con sellos de advertencia. Los estudiantes se clasificaron como (a) estudiantes de nutrición, (b) estudiantes del área de la salud y (c) estudiantes de otras carreras. Se evaluaron. Más del 90% de los estudiantes conocían la regulación alimentaria y conocían las señales de advertencia. Más del 60% de los estudiantes de la salud y de otras carreras se encuentran en la etapa de pre-contemplación o contemplación con respecto a la intención de compra de bebidas azucaradas, jugos, galletas, bocadillos dulces y papas fritas; Este valor es el doble del porcentaje de estudiantes de nutrición en estas etapas ( Chi2, p <0,001). Se concluye que existe una alta proporción de pre-contemplación y contemplación con respecto a la intención de compra entre los estudiantes universitarios(AU)

A Multicenter Study Evaluating the Stages of Change in Food Consumption with Warning Labels among Chilean University Students.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stage of change in food consumption with warning labels among Chilean university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study which applied surveys in universities from all over the country. Study included 4807 participants of 18 to 40 years of both sexes who were asked about the level of knowledge of the new food law and food consumption with warning signals, including questions regarding their willingness to behavior change according to Prochaska's transtheoretical model. To compare continuous variables, Student's t-test was used in the statistical package SPSS 22.0, and p <0.05 was considered a significant difference. RESULTS: Of the total number of respondents, 99.3% of the students indicated that they know about the food law, classifying foods with signals in the precontemplation stage. Compared by sex, we observed that women give greater importance to behavior change in all of foods (p <0.001). Underweight students give less importance to change in unhealthy foods, while obesity students give more importance but do not show more confidence in behavior change (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The university students show a low importance and confidence to make behavior change, aspects associated with sex and nutritional status. It is necessary to strengthen nutritional food education and not just talk about structural measures.